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Asked 12 years, 11 months ago. Active 1 year, 3 months ago. Viewed 37k times. Here is the plugin I am using with jQuery 1. Three' ; console. Brennan Brennan Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Yep, I should read this post instead of lost 2 hours ;- "localhost" is definitively a not good value! Just use "lvh. This domain name already pointed to Community Bot 1 1 1 silver badge.

David Z David Z k 26 26 gold badges silver badges bronze badges. I thought you could set cookies for, say, example. It only needs to accept. Jaffer Jaffer 1 1 gold badge 9 9 silver badges 20 20 bronze badges. For me, this looks like As I pointed out in my answer, the RFC states that it has to do with the number of dots in the domain name, not whether it's fully qualified or not. Mike Mike 31 1 1 bronze badge.

Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook. Sign up using Email and Password. For example, Hanna et al. Our approach, on the other hand, does not require any coding; it abstracts security decisions into a small set of simple data structures channel and authorization certificates that lend themselves to efficient unified management by Web sites.

CORS allows a Web page associated with one origin to access resources associated with a different one. Based on the Origin header reported by the browser, the target Web site may choose to allow or deny access, or, more granularly, accept or expose certain HTTP headers including Cookie and Set-Cookie. Our cross-domain cookies work like traditional cookies; they can be used with both browser-native and JavaScript-issued HTTP requests d.

To allow disparate domains to communicate using cookies we introduce the notion of a cross-domain channel XDC. An XDC channel may be thought of as a folder in the browser to which writers write cookies and from which readers read them. Cross-domain channels have names. We propose a decentralized namespace where owners create and destroy channels as needed without coordinating it with anybody else. To avoid collisions we use channel names based on RSA keys.

When creating an XDC channel, its owner generates a random RSA key pair with a sufficiently long modulus , and computes a digest of the public key using a high quality hash algorithm. The computed digest is the channel name.

These data structures are covered in Section 3. The owner may designate an XDC channel as secure. XDC cookies associated with a secure channel may be transmitted only over a secure e. This is similar in spirit to the Secure attribute in traditional cookies [ 2 ]. Transmitting cookies only over a secure transport has several benefits. It enhances security and confidentiality of the cookies themselves. In addition, in our scheme Section 3. XDC cookie delivery to Web servers works in a similar fashion.

This is analogous to the approach proposed by Karlof et al. The owner of an XDC issues authorizations to hosts that need to use it. The structure of an XDC authorization is shown in Figure 1.

It consists of two components, an optional channel certificate and an authorization certificate granting access to the channel to a particular host or DNS domain.

The channel certificate is a self-signed X. It contains a human-readable description of the channel, the channel name along with the identifier of the hash algorithm used to compute it , and the secure flag. The channel certificate is optional in an authorization. If it is not included, the relying party e. Our scheme provides a discovery mechanism for doing it.

It is implemented as an Internet attribute certificate defined in RFC [ 24 ]. An authorization grants its holder a permission to read or to write i. Like any attribute certificate, the authorization certificate has a validity period that must be checked every time the corresponding XDC cookie is used.

To simplify processing and minimize the overhead, however, we chose not to use revocation checking in our solution. XDC cookies do not allow access to scripts, so the HttpOnly attribute is not required, either. Finally, the Secure attribute is superseded by the more resilient secure flag in the XDC channel certificate. The browser may have some, all, or none of the authorizations issued to the server or its parent DNS domain.

Our proposal provides three mechanisms to discover all applicable authorizations:. Send the user request, allow the server to provide any missing authorizations, and then resend the request again. Not doing so may result in the server activating the second discovery mechanism which, in turn, may lead to retransmission of large amounts of data in the request. Preflight information received from the server is cached for the duration indicated by the server , so not all user requests require preflight authorization; only those with expired or non-existent cache entries do.

Preflight information may include XDC channel certificates and XDC authorizations as well as the time to live for the information and additional options. The only option currently defined is a flag indicating whether the browser should use the DNS to look up additional authorizations for the server or its parent DNS domain and, if so, how often.

To account for the latter case, the server may respond with missing authorizations, and request the browser to repeat the request, now with the missing cookies presumably, covered by the just discovered authorizations.

A browser receiving XDC cookies from a server can use all previously cached authorizations or authorizations the server sends with the cookies themselves. Since the server can always bundle cookies and authorizations in a single response, no additional round trips are required to complete discovery.

Since TXT resource records may be used by many applications, there is a risk that a record received by the browser is not an XDC authorization. The DNS is not consulted unless the server indicates it in its response to a preflight request.

A preflight request is issued for the same URL as the original user request. A compliant server may return zero or more Xdc-Channel and Xdc-Authorization headers. It may also include the Xdc-Max-Age header indicating the maximum retention time of the information provided in the response. If none is given, a protocol default will be used. Finally, an Xdc-Options header may include additional XDC processing instructions; currently only the dns-max-age option is defined; if set, it instructs the browser to look up missing XDC authorizations in the DNS and defines the maximum frequency of such lookups.

A sample preflight request is shown in Figure 2. A preflight request. Figure 3 shows the sequence diagram for an XDC cookie-setting server. The server uses the Xdc-Authorization and possibly the Xdc-Channel headers to convey its authorizations to the browser. The value of the header is an encoded XDC authorization. We use double encoding: first the value is base encoded and then URL-encoded. To set cross-domain cookies our server uses the new Xdc-Set-Cookie header.

Normally, the client would discard those cookies for which the server failed to provide an authorization. In our model, however, the client may contact the DNS to retrieve the missing authorizations. The sequence diagram for setting of XDC cookies. The sequence diagram for an XDC cookie-reading scenario is shown in Figure 4. Before sending XDC cookies to the server the Web client needs to find all missing authorizations. Having received and validated the authorizations, it sends the appropriate XDC cookies to the server using the new Xdc-Cookie header.

This status code tells the browser that the sole purpose of the HTTP response is to provide the necessary XDC authorizations and that the browser must repeat the request including all valid XDC cookies. Since now two requests are treated as a single request, the server needs to remember that it already provided all XDC authorizations it has.

To avoid the need to store the state of this two-step request on the server we propose a new header, Xdc-Response with values true and false. Not sending the header is equivalent to sending Xdc-Response: false. The client repeats the operation by evaluating all XDC cookies it holds against the updated set of XDC authorizations for the target host.

The sequence diagram for reading of XDC cookies. Then the request is sent along with XDC cookies. The server may provide additional authorizations in order to receive XDC cookies it expected but did not receive step 4.

Having received an XDC response in step 5, the server responds with data. Steps 4 and 5 should not be needed for user requests requiring preflight authorizations. Figure 5 shows the trace of a single request to an XDC cookie-reading server.

The browser repeats the request setting the Xdc-Response header to true and including all eligible cookies. There are six valid cookies for the host spread over three cross-domain channels. In this section we summarize all additions to the HTTP protocol required to support our cross-domain cookies. Table 2 lists our proposed HTTP headers. Table 3 lists the single newly proposed HTTP status code. Utilities to generate channel certificates, sign XDC authorizations, and save them in different formats.

The utilities and applications were written in Java. To host the applications, we used Apache Tomcat [ 31 ]. We used BIND 9. Our XDC-capable client was implemented as a Firefox browser extension. Firefox provides a pluggable framework for extending its functionality, and a cross-platform component object model, called XPCOM, for programming the extensions [ 35 ].

All source code and configuration instructions for our proof of concept are available from [ 36 ]. Web sites not aware of our cross-domain cookies will incur minimal cost: the initial preflight request will either fail or return no information, and a protocol default several days will define the frequency of subsequent requests; DNS lookups will not be issued no explicit instructions in the preflight response ; and repeat requests will never be initiated.

Overhead imposed by XDC-aware Web sites will depend on:. Web sites can control the frequency of preflight requests by setting the header Xdc-Max-Age , and the frequency of DNS lookups by setting the header Xdc-Options Section 4. Both settings are subject to tradeoff analysis the number of unnecessary requests that discover no new information against the latency of discovering a change but in most cases they can be set to days, weeks and even months.

It can be recalled from Section 4. We expect that after several initial communications the browser will have all authorizations for a given Web server, and additional exchanges will not be required. Web servers catering to low bandwidth clients may elect to store all their XDC authorizations in the DNS; Web clients will only consult the DNS when an authorization for a particular cookie is missing.

Analysis by Tappenden and Miller [ 37 ] shows that the average number of cookies used by Web sites is 2. This suggests that the number of cross-domain cookies used by a typical Web site should be small, and the number of channels with which they are associated, even smaller.

About kB of data are transferred in an average Web application session [ 38 ].